Fix dependencies for each component.

Add ability to clear LCD screen, and write at a label position.

esp/cpp/06_i2c-scanner/main/idf_component.yml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 dependencies:
   ## Required IDF version
   idf:
-    version: '>=5.3.0'
+    version: '>=5.5.1'
   # # Put list of dependencies here
   # # For components maintained by Espressif:
   # component: "~1.0.0"
@@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ dependencies:
   #   # `public` flag doesn't have an effect dependencies of the `main` component.
   #   # All dependencies of `main` are public by default.
   #   public: true
-  espressif/arduino-esp32: ^3.1.1
+  espressif/arduino-esp32: ^3.3.2

esp/cpp/07_lcd-panel-i2c/main/panel.h

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ struct Panel {
       esp_panel_(nullptr),
       esp_panel_config_(
           (esp_lcd_panel_dev_config_t) {
-              .reset_gpio_num = device_->rst_num_,
               .bits_per_pixel = 1,
+              .reset_gpio_num = static_cast<gpio_num_t>(device_->rst_num_),
               .vendor_config = device_->vendor_config(),
           }
       )

esp/cpp/07_lcd-panel-i2c/main/panel_device.cpp

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ void IPanelDevice::register_rendering_data(lv_display_t *display_handle,
   assert(lv_buf_);
 
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Set LVGL draw buffers");
-  // Color format must be set first, LVGL9 suooprt new monochromatic format.
+  // Color format must be set first, LVGL9 support new monochromatic format.
   lv_display_set_color_format(display_handle, LV_COLOR_FORMAT_I1);
   lv_display_set_buffers(display_handle, lv_buf_, nullptr,
                          lv_buf_size_,

esp/cpp/07_lcd-panel-i2c/main/ssd1306.h

@@ -54,14 +54,14 @@ public:
       IPanelDevice(i2c,
                    (esp_lcd_panel_io_i2c_config_t) {
                        .dev_addr = I2C_HW_ADDR,
-                       // User data to pass to the LVGL flush_ready callback.
-                       // See IPanelDevice::lvgl_flush_ready_cb
-                       .user_ctx = nullptr,
+                       .scl_speed_hz = LCD_PIXEL_CLOCK_HZ,
                        .control_phase_bytes = 1,
                        .dc_bit_offset = 6,
                        .lcd_cmd_bits = LCD_CMD_BITS,
                        .lcd_param_bits = LCD_PARAM_BITS,
-                       .scl_speed_hz = LCD_PIXEL_CLOCK_HZ,
+                       // User data to pass to the LVGL flush_ready callback.
+                       // See IPanelDevice::lvgl_flush_ready_cb
+                       .user_ctx = nullptr,
                    },
                    width,
                    height

esp/cpp/08_dht11-lcd/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+build
+managed_components
+dependencies.lock
+sdkconfig.old

esp/cpp/08_dht11-lcd/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# For more information about build system see
+# https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/api-guides/build-system.html
+# The following five lines of boilerplate have to be in your project's
+# CMakeLists in this exact order for cmake to work correctly
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.26)
+
+include($ENV{IDF_PATH}/tools/cmake/project.cmake)
+
+project(
+    #[[NAME]]   DHT11
+    VERSION     0.1
+    DESCRIPTION "Using the DHT11 sensor with ESP-IDF over I2C"
+    LANGUAGES   CXX
+)
+message(STATUS "[Klips] Configuring example: ${PROJECT_NAME}")
+# For writing pure cmake components, see the documentation
+# https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/stable/esp32/api-guides/build-system.html#writing-pure-cmake-components
+idf_build_set_property(COMPILE_OPTIONS "-Wno-error" APPEND)

esp/cpp/08_dht11-lcd/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# 08_dht11-lcd
+
+Using the ESP IDF for reading data from a DHT11 sensor and displaying it on an LCD.
+
+[ESP IDF - I2C](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v5.3.2/esp32/api-reference/peripherals/i2c.html)
+
+[ESP IDF - LCD](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v5.3.2/esp32/api-reference/peripherals/lcd/index.html)
+
+[ESP IDF - FreeRTOS](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v5.3.2/esp32/api-reference/system/freertos.html)
+
+![schematic](./schematic.png)
+
+![example](./example.gif)
+
+For instructions on setting up the ESP-IDF see [04_-esp-idf-arduino](./../04_esp-idf-arduino)
+
+To build this example run the following commands.
+
+```bash
+source ~/path/to/esp-idf/export.sh
+
+mkdir build
+cd build
+cmake ..
+make -j $(nproc)
+make flash
+```

esp/cpp/08_dht11-lcd/main/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+idf_component_register(
+    SRCS
+    main.cpp
+    main.h
+    INCLUDE_DIRS .
+)

esp/cpp/08_dht11-lcd/main/idf_component.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+## IDF Component Manager Manifest File
+dependencies:
+  idf: '>=5.3.0'
+  lcd:
+    path: ../../components/lcd
+  ssd1306:
+    path: ../../components/ssd1306

esp/cpp/08_dht11-lcd/main/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*#############################################################################
+## Author: Shaun Reed                                                        ##
+## Legal: All Content (c) 2025 Shaun Reed, all rights reserved               ##
+##                                                                           ##
+## Contact: shaunrd0@gmail.com  | URL: www.shaunreed.com                     ##
+##############################################################################
+*/
+
+#include "main.h"
+#include "i2c.h"
+#include "lcd.h"
+#include "ssd1306.h"
+
+extern "C" void app_main(void)
+{
+    I2C_init(PIN_SDA, PIN_SCL);
+
+    IPanelDevice lcd = SSD1306_new();
+    LCD d = LCD_init(&lcd);
+
+    LCD_set_text_with_mode(&d, "Test test 12345678910", LV_LABEL_LONG_SCROLL,
+                           LV_ALIGN_CENTER);
+
+    LCD_set_text(&d, "Hello hello hello hello hello hello hello hello!");
+
+    LCD_set_text_with_mode(&d, "A random sentence with no meaning at all.",
+                           LV_LABEL_LONG_CLIP, LV_ALIGN_BOTTOM_MID);
+
+    sleep(1);
+    LCD_clear(&d);
+    LCD_set_text(&d, "Test clearing the screen");
+    LCD_set_text_with_mode(&d, "Test writing something and overwriting it",
+                 LV_LABEL_LONG_SCROLL, LV_ALIGN_CENTER);
+    LCD_set_text_at(&d, "Overwrite.", 1);
+}

esp/cpp/08_dht11-lcd/main/main.h

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/*#############################################################################
+## Author: Shaun Reed                                                        ##
+## Legal: All Content (c) 2025 Shaun Reed, all rights reserved               ##
+##                                                                           ##
+## Contact: shaunrd0@gmail.com  | URL: www.shaunreed.com                     ##
+##############################################################################
+*/
+
+// Pin may vary based on your schematic.
+#define PIN_SDA GPIO_NUM_21
+#define PIN_SCL GPIO_NUM_22
+#define PIN_RST (-1)

esp/cpp/README.md

@@ -20,3 +20,50 @@ All examples after `04_esp-idf-arduino` are built with cmake and the [ESP-IDF](h
 
 [Arduino ESP32 GitHub](https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32) \
 [Arduino ESP32 API reference](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/arduino-esp32/en/latest/libraries.html)
+
+If you are working in CLion, I recommend reading [this article](https://developer.espressif.com/blog/clion/) to get started.
+Basic instructions for installing the ESP-IDF and creating a project are below.
+
+## Dependencies
+
+Install the [ESP-IDF](https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf?tab=readme-ov-file#setup-build-environment)
+
+```bash
+# https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v5.3.2/esp32/get-started/linux-macos-setup.html#for-linux-users
+sudo apt-get install -y git wget flex bison gperf python3 python3-pip python3-venv cmake ninja-build ccache libffi-dev libssl-dev dfu-util libusb-1.0-0
+
+git clone --recursive https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf
+cd esp-idf
+./install.sh
+. ./export.sh
+```
+
+In CLion there is an official [Serial Monitor](https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/8031-serial-port-monitor) plugin, or use ESP-IDF -
+
+```bash
+idf.py monitor -b 115200
+```
+
+## Starting Over
+
+To set up this project from scratch the following commands were used
+
+```bash
+source /path/to/esp-idf/export.sh
+idf.py create-project my-project
+cd my-project
+idf.py set-target esp32
+idf.py add-dependency "espressif/arduino-esp32^3.1.1"
+
+# Autostart Arduino for use of `loop()` and `setup()` functions
+# You can also use the esp-idf `app_main()` function if preferred
+# https://docs.espressif.com/projects/arduino-esp32/en/latest/esp-idf_component.html#configuration
+# You can alternatively do this in the GUI tool `idf.py menuconfig`
+echo "CONFIG_AUTOSTART_ARDUINO=y" >> sdkconfig
+sed -i -e 's/CONFIG_FREERTOS_HZ=100/CONFIG_FREERTOS_HZ=1000/' sdkconfig
+
+# Build the project
+idf.py build
+```
+
+To set this project up in CLion, see [JetBrains documentation](https://www.jetbrains.com/help/clion/esp-idf.html#env-vars).

esp/cpp/components/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+
+# Components
+
+These are examples of creating custom components for use in local projects or eventually published to the ESP-IDF component registry.
+
+Official component examples can be found in the [ESP-BSP project](https://github.com/espressif/esp-bsp/tree/master/components).
+
+The `idf.py` tool can be used to create a new component:
+
+```bash
+source /path/to/esp-idf/export.sh
+idf.py create-component my-component
+```

esp/cpp/components/i2c/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+idf_component_register(
+    SRCS "i2c.c"
+    INCLUDE_DIRS "include"
+    PRIV_REQUIRES "driver"
+)

esp/cpp/components/i2c/i2c.c

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#include "i2c.h"
+#include <stdio.h>

esp/cpp/components/i2c/idf_component.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+version: "0.0.1"
+description: ESP I2C helper component
+url: https://git.shaunreed.com/shaunrd0/klips/tree/master/esp/cpp/components/i2c
+dependencies:
+  idf: ">=5.3"

esp/cpp/components/i2c/include/i2c.h

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*#############################################################################
+## Author: Shaun Reed                                                        ##
+## Legal: All Content (c) 2025 Shaun Reed, all rights reserved               ##
+##                                                                           ##
+## Contact: shaunrd0@gmail.com  | URL: www.shaunreed.com                     ##
+##############################################################################
+*/
+#ifndef I2C_H
+#define I2C_H
+
+#define I2C_BUS_PORT 0
+#define I2C_DEFAULT_PIN_RST (-1)
+#include <driver/i2c_master.h>
+#include <esp_log.h>
+
+/// Tag used for ESP logging.
+static const char* I2C_TAG = "I2C component";
+
+/**
+ * ESP I2C master bus handle getter.
+ */
+static i2c_master_bus_handle_t I2C_get()
+{
+    i2c_master_bus_handle_t i2c = NULL;
+    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(i2c_master_get_bus_handle(0, &i2c));
+    return i2c;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Construct an ESP I2C master bus given a specific ESP I2C configuration.
+ * An I2C constructor may only be called one time in any application.
+ *
+ * @param config ESP I2C master bus configuration.
+ */
+static void I2C_config_init(const i2c_master_bus_config_t config)
+{
+    i2c_master_bus_handle_t i2c = NULL;
+    ESP_LOGI(I2C_TAG, "Initializing new master I2C bus");
+    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(i2c_new_master_bus(&config, &i2c));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Construct and initialize an ESP I2C master bus.
+ * An I2C constructor may only be called one time in any application.
+ *
+ * @param sda GPIO pin for SDA
+ * @param scl GPIO pin for SCL
+ */
+static void I2C_init(gpio_num_t sda, gpio_num_t scl)
+{
+    I2C_config_init((i2c_master_bus_config_t){
+        .i2c_port = I2C_BUS_PORT,
+        .sda_io_num = sda,
+        .scl_io_num = scl,
+        .clk_source = I2C_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT,
+        .glitch_ignore_cnt = 7,
+        .flags =
+            {
+                .enable_internal_pullup = true,
+            },
+    });
+}
+
+#endif // I2C_H

esp/cpp/components/lcd/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+idf_component_register(
+    SRCS lcd.c panel_device.cpp
+    include/lcd.h include/panel_device.h
+    INCLUDE_DIRS "include"
+)

esp/cpp/components/lcd/idf_component.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+version: 0.0.1
+description: ESP LCD display helper component
+url: https://git.shaunreed.com/shaunrd0/klips/tree/master/esp/cpp/components/lcd
+dependencies:
+  idf: '>=5.3'
+  lvgl/lvgl: 9.2.0
+  espressif/esp_lcd_sh1107: ==1.0.0
+  i2c:
+    require: public
+    path: ../../components/i2c

esp/cpp/components/lcd/include/lcd.h

@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+/*#############################################################################
+## Author: Shaun Reed                                                        ##
+## Legal: All Content (c) 2025 Shaun Reed, all rights reserved               ##
+##                                                                           ##
+## Contact: shaunrd0@gmail.com  | URL: www.shaunreed.com                     ##
+##############################################################################
+*/
+#ifndef DISPLAY_H
+#define DISPLAY_H
+
+#include <lv_init.h>
+#include <widgets/label/lv_label.h>
+
+#include "i2c.h"
+#include "panel_device.h"
+
+#include <esp_lcd_panel_ops.h>
+#include <esp_lcd_types.h>
+
+struct LCD
+{
+    esp_lcd_panel_handle_t esp_panel_;
+
+    esp_lcd_panel_io_handle_t esp_io_;
+
+    /// LVGL display handle.
+    lv_display_t* lv_display_;
+
+    lv_array_t lv_objs_;
+
+    struct IPanelDevice* device_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Construct a new LCD using an object that implements IPanelDevice.
+ *
+ * @param device An object that implements the IPanelDevice interface.
+ */
+static struct LCD LCD_init(struct IPanelDevice* device)
+{
+    struct LCD display;
+    ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Creating panel IO handle");
+    display.esp_io_ = NULL;
+    esp_lcd_panel_dev_config_t panel_config = {
+        .reset_gpio_num = (gpio_num_t)(-1),
+        .bits_per_pixel = 1,
+        .vendor_config = device->vendor_config_cb(),
+    };
+    esp_lcd_panel_io_i2c_config_t io_config = {
+        .dev_addr = I2C_HW_ADDR,
+        // User data to pass to the LVGL flush_ready callback.
+        // See IPanelDevice::lvgl_flush_ready_cb
+        .user_ctx = NULL,
+        .control_phase_bytes = 1,
+        .dc_bit_offset = 6,
+        .lcd_cmd_bits = LCD_CMD_BITS,
+        .lcd_param_bits = LCD_PARAM_BITS,
+        .scl_speed_hz = LCD_PIXEL_CLOCK_HZ,
+    };
+    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(
+        esp_lcd_new_panel_io_i2c(I2C_get(), &io_config, &display.esp_io_));
+
+    // If the passed handle is already allocated, delete it.
+    if (display.esp_panel_ != NULL)
+    {
+        ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Removing unused panel");
+        esp_lcd_panel_del(display.esp_panel_);
+    }
+
+    ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Installing vendor panel driver");
+    device->init_panel_cb(&panel_config, display.esp_io_, &display.esp_panel_);
+
+    ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Resetting panel display");
+    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_lcd_panel_reset(display.esp_panel_));
+    ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Initializing panel display");
+    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_lcd_panel_init(display.esp_panel_));
+    ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Turning on panel display");
+    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_lcd_panel_disp_on_off(display.esp_panel_, true));
+
+    if (!lv_is_initialized())
+    {
+        ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Initialize LVGL");
+        lv_init();
+    }
+
+    ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Creating LVGL display");
+    display.lv_display_ = lv_display_create(device->width_, device->height_);
+    assert(display.lv_display_);
+
+    // associate the i2c panel handle to the display
+    lv_display_set_user_data(display.lv_display_, display.esp_panel_);
+
+    device->register_rendering_data_cb(display.lv_display_, display.esp_io_,
+                                       device->lv_buf_, device->lv_buf_size_);
+    device->register_lvgl_tick_timer_cb();
+    ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Initializing LVGL array");
+    lv_array_init(&display.lv_objs_, 1, sizeof(lv_obj_t*));
+    return display;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a LVGL label with some given text on the current display.
+ * The name of the object can be reused to change text on this label later.
+ *
+ * @param display
+ * @param text Text to write to the display.
+ * @param long_mode LVGL long mode for text wider than the current display.
+ * @param align LVGL alignment to use for placing the label on the display.
+ * @return The index of the inserted label on the LVGL screen
+ */
+static uint32_t LCD_set_text_with_mode(struct LCD* display, const char* text,
+                                       lv_label_long_mode_t long_mode,
+                                       lv_align_t align)
+{
+    // Lock the mutex due to the LVGL APIs are not thread-safe.
+    _lock_acquire(&lv_lock_);
+
+    ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Setting new text: %s", text);
+    lv_obj_t* scr = lv_display_get_screen_active(display->lv_display_);
+
+    lv_obj_t* new_object = lv_label_create(scr);
+
+    // Set text and long mode.
+    lv_label_set_long_mode(new_object, long_mode);
+    lv_label_set_text(new_object, text);
+
+    // Set the size of the screen.
+    // If you use rotation 90 or 270 use lv_display_get_vertical_resolution.
+    lv_obj_set_width(
+        new_object, lv_display_get_horizontal_resolution(display->lv_display_));
+    lv_obj_align(new_object, align, 0, 0);
+
+    uint32_t index = lv_array_size(&display->lv_objs_);
+    if (lv_array_push_back(&display->lv_objs_, &new_object) != LV_RESULT_OK)
+    {
+        ESP_LOGE(LCD_TAG, "Failed to add new object to array");
+    }
+
+    _lock_release(&lv_lock_);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a LVGL label with some given text on the current display.
+ * The name of the object can be reused to change text on this label later.
+ *
+ * @param display
+ * @param text Text to write to the display.
+ * @return The index of the inserted label on the LVGL screen
+ */
+static uint32_t LCD_set_text(struct LCD* display, const char* text)
+{
+    return LCD_set_text_with_mode(display, text, LV_LABEL_LONG_SCROLL_CIRCULAR,
+                                  LV_ALIGN_TOP_MID);
+}
+
+static void LCD_set_text_at_with_mode(struct LCD* display, const char* text,
+                                      uint32_t i,
+                                      lv_label_long_mode_t long_mode,
+                                      lv_align_t align)
+{
+    // Lock the mutex due to the LVGL APIs are not thread-safe.
+    _lock_acquire(&lv_lock_);
+
+    if (lv_array_is_empty(&display->lv_objs_))
+    {
+        ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Cannot set text at index %d; The array is empty.");
+        _lock_release(&lv_lock_);
+        return;
+    }
+    lv_obj_t** ptr = (lv_obj_t**)lv_array_at(&display->lv_objs_, i);
+    lv_obj_t* label = (lv_obj_t*)*ptr;
+    if (label == NULL)
+    {
+        ESP_LOGE(LCD_TAG, "Failed to set text at index %d; Label is null", i);
+        _lock_release(&lv_lock_);
+        return;
+    }
+    lv_label_set_text(label, text);
+
+    ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Setting text at index %d:", i);
+    // Set text and long mode.
+    lv_label_set_long_mode(label, long_mode);
+    lv_label_set_text(label, text);
+
+    // Set the size of the screen.
+    // If you use rotation 90 or 270 use lv_display_get_vertical_resolution.
+    lv_obj_set_width(
+        label, lv_display_get_horizontal_resolution(display->lv_display_));
+    lv_obj_align(label, align, 0, 0);
+
+    _lock_release(&lv_lock_);
+}
+
+static void LCD_set_text_at(struct LCD* display, const char* text, uint32_t i)
+{
+    // Lock the mutex due to the LVGL APIs are not thread-safe.
+    _lock_acquire(&lv_lock_);
+
+    if (lv_array_is_empty(&display->lv_objs_))
+    {
+        ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Cannot set text at index %d; The array is empty.");
+        _lock_release(&lv_lock_);
+        return;
+    }
+    lv_obj_t** ptr = (lv_obj_t**)lv_array_at(&display->lv_objs_, i);
+    lv_obj_t* label = (lv_obj_t*)*ptr;
+    if (label == NULL)
+    {
+        ESP_LOGE(LCD_TAG, "Failed to set text at index %d; Label is null", i);
+        _lock_release(&lv_lock_);
+        return;
+    }
+    lv_label_set_text(label, text);
+
+    _lock_release(&lv_lock_);
+}
+
+
+static void LCD_clear(struct LCD* display)
+{
+    _lock_acquire(&lv_lock_);
+
+    uint32_t size = lv_array_size(&display->lv_objs_);
+    ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Clearing %d LVGL objects", size);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < size && size > 0; i++)
+    {
+        ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Checking array index %d", i);
+        lv_obj_t** ptr_to_delete =
+            (lv_obj_t**)lv_array_at(&display->lv_objs_, i);
+        lv_obj_t* to_delete = (lv_obj_t*)*ptr_to_delete;
+        if (to_delete == NULL)
+        {
+            ESP_LOGE(LCD_TAG, "Failed to clear all LVGL objects");
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (lv_obj_is_valid(to_delete))
+        {
+            ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Removing LVGL object");
+            lv_label_set_text(to_delete, "test");
+            lv_obj_delete(to_delete);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ESP_LOGE(LCD_TAG, "Error: LVGL object is not valid");
+        }
+    }
+    lv_array_clear(&display->lv_objs_);
+
+    _lock_release(&lv_lock_);
+}
+
+#endif // DISPLAY_H

esp/cpp/components/lcd/include/panel_device.h

@@ -0,0 +1,451 @@
+/*#############################################################################
+## Author: Shaun Reed                                                        ##
+## Legal: All Content (c) 2025 Shaun Reed, all rights reserved               ##
+##                                                                           ##
+## Contact: shaunrd0@gmail.com  | URL: www.shaunreed.com                     ##
+##############################################################################
+*/
+#ifndef PANEL_DEVICE_H
+#define PANEL_DEVICE_H
+
+#include <esp_lcd_panel_dev.h>
+#include <esp_lcd_panel_io.h>
+#include <esp_lcd_panel_ops.h>
+#include <esp_log.h>
+#include <esp_timer.h>
+
+#include <sys/unistd.h>
+
+#include <i2c.h>
+#include <pixel.h>
+
+static esp_timer_handle_t esp_timer_;
+
+#include <display/lv_display.h>
+
+/// Tag used for ESP logging.
+static const char* LCD_TAG = "LCD component";
+
+// LVGL library is not thread-safe, this example calls LVGL APIs from tasks.
+// We must use a mutex to protect it.
+static _lock_t lv_lock_;
+
+// LVGL reserves 2x4 bytes in the buffer to be used as a palette.
+// This additional space must be added to the IPanelDevice::buf_size_.
+#define LVGL_PALETTE_SIZE 8
+#define LVGL_TICK_PERIOD_MS 5
+#define LVGL_TASK_STACK_SIZE (4 * 1024)
+#define LVGL_TASK_PRIORITY 2
+
+#define LCD_H_RES 128
+#define LCD_V_RES 64
+
+// According to specific display hardware.
+// https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/winstar-display/WEA012864DWPP3N00003/20533255
+#define SCREEN_WIDTH 128 // OLED display width, in pixels.
+#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 64 // OLED display height, in pixels.
+
+// According to SSD1306 datasheet.
+// https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/datasheets/SSD1306.pdf
+#define I2C_HW_ADDR 0x3C
+#define LCD_PIXEL_CLOCK_HZ (400 * 1000)
+// Bit number used to represent command and parameter
+#define LCD_CMD_BITS 8
+#define LCD_PARAM_BITS 8
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve the device specific vendor configuration structure.
+ *
+ * @return Address of vendor configuration structure.
+ */
+typedef void* (*vendor_config_cb_t)();
+
+/**
+ * Registers LVGL ticker timer callback for rendering this display.
+ *
+ * An implementation of the interface can optionally override this method to
+ * provide custom LVGL callbacks and tick configurations.
+ */
+typedef void (*register_lvgl_tick_timer_cb_t)();
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the ESP panel using vendor specific APIs and configurations.
+ * This method should implement any setup logic specific to the device.
+ *
+ * @param config ESP LCD panel configuration.
+ * @param io ESP LCD panel IO handle.
+ * @param [out] panel ESP LCD panel handle output pointer location.
+ */
+typedef void (*init_panel_cb_t)(esp_lcd_panel_dev_config_t* config,
+                                esp_lcd_panel_io_handle_t io,
+                                esp_lcd_panel_handle_t* panel);
+
+/**
+ * Registers LVGL draw buffers and callbacks for this display.
+ *
+ * An implementation of the interface can optionally override this method to
+ * provide custom LVGL callbacks and display configurations.
+ *
+ * @param display_handle LVGL display handle to use for rendering.
+ * @param io_handle IO handle for the ESP LCD panel.
+ */
+typedef void (*register_rendering_data_cb_t)(
+    lv_display_t* display_handle, esp_lcd_panel_io_handle_t io_handle, void*,
+    size_t);
+
+/**
+ * Encapsulates vendor specific ESP LCD panel initialization logic.
+ * This pure virtual interface can be inherited from for using new LCD devices.
+ * See SSD1306 as an example to implement IPanelDevice for NT35510 or ST7789.
+ *
+ * At this time only I2C is supported.
+ * Classes that inherit from this interface should likely be marked final.
+ */
+struct IPanelDevice
+{
+    /// Width of the device screen in pixels.
+    int32_t width_;
+
+    /// Height of the device screen in pixels.
+    int32_t height_;
+
+    /// RST GPIO pin number.
+    int rst_num_;
+
+    /// LVGL draw buffer size for the device.
+    size_t lv_buf_size_;
+
+    /// ESP LCD panel IO configuration.
+    esp_lcd_panel_io_i2c_config_t esp_io_config_;
+
+    /// LVGL draw buffer associated with this Display's lv_display_t.
+    void* lv_buf_;
+
+    /// Callback used to initialize the ESP panel.
+    init_panel_cb_t init_panel_cb;
+
+    /// Callback used to register LVGL tick timer.
+    register_lvgl_tick_timer_cb_t register_lvgl_tick_timer_cb;
+
+    /// Callback used to register LVGL draw buffers.
+    register_rendering_data_cb_t register_rendering_data_cb;
+
+    /// Callback used to fetch the display vendor configuration.
+    vendor_config_cb_t vendor_config_cb;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Static accessor to a static buffer to store draw buffer data for the panel.
+ *
+ * This method is protected to allow an implementation to provide a custom
+ * callback method similar to IPanelDevice::lvgl_flush_cb.
+ *
+ * The buffer is allocated statically within the scope of this function to
+ * allow creating multiple panels that _each_ manage their own statically
+ * allocated draw buffer data. This simplifies implementing the interface by
+ * taking this responsibility off of the implementor. The buffer will only be
+ * allocated if this method is called, so the memory is only used if required.
+ *
+ * @return Pointer to uint8 draw buffer data.
+ * @sa register_rendering_data for overriding LVGL rendering callbacks.
+ */
+static uint8_t* get_additional_draw_buffer()
+{
+    // Static to the scope of this function, not the compilation unit.
+    // For LV_COLOR_FORMAT_I1 we need an extra buffer to hold converted data.
+    static uint8_t oled_buffer[LCD_H_RES * LCD_V_RES / 8];
+    return oled_buffer;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The callback invoked when panel IO finishes transferring color data.
+ * This signals that the panel is ready to flush image data to the display.
+ *
+ * @param panel LCD panel IO handles.
+ * @param data Panel IO event data, fed by driver.
+ * @param user_ctx User data, passed from `esp_lcd_panel_io_xxx_config_t`.
+ * @return Whether a high priority task has been waken up by this function.
+ * @sa register_rendering_data for overriding this callback.
+ */
+static bool lvgl_flush_ready_cb(esp_lcd_panel_io_handle_t,
+                                esp_lcd_panel_io_event_data_t*,
+                                void* user_ctx)
+{
+    lv_display_t* disp = (lv_display_t*)user_ctx;
+    lv_display_flush_ready(disp);
+    return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The callback invoked for flushing the rendered image to the display.
+ *
+ * `px_map` contains the rendered image as raw pixel map and it should be
+ *  copied to `area` on the display.
+ *
+ * The following details are crucial for understanding the logic surrounding
+ * flushing to the display in this example.
+ *
+ * The order of bits within the px_map from _LVGL_ is MSB first.
+ *              MSB           LSB
+ *     bits      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
+ *     pixels    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+ *              Left         Right
+ *
+ * The bytes from _LVGL_ are mapped to pixel rows of the display
+ * 8 bits (pixels) per byte -
+ * [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
+ * [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
+ * [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
+ *
+ * The order of bits expected by the _display driver_ is LSB first.
+ * We must preserve pairing of each bit and pixel when writing to the display.
+ *              LSB           MSB
+ *     bits      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+ *     pixels    7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
+ *              Left         Right
+ *
+ * Bytes expected by the _display driver_ map to pixel columns of the display.
+ * 8 bits (pixels) per byte -
+ * [0, [0, [0, [0,
+ *  0,  0,  0,  0,
+ *  0,  0,  0,  0,
+ *  0,  0,  0,  0,
+ *  0,  0,  0,  0,
+ *  0,  0,  0,  0,
+ *  0,  0,  0,  0,
+ *  0]  0]  0]  0]
+ *
+ * These layouts in memory have no opinion on the shape of the image. The
+ * beginning and end of a row or a column for example is entirely dependent
+ * on how the data is accessed. The vertical and horitzontal resolution may
+ * vary between displays.
+ *
+ * For the LV_COLOR_FORMAT_I1 color format we are using, an additional buffer
+ * is needed for transposing the bits to the vertical arrangement required by
+ * the display driver that is outlined above.
+ *
+ * This callback implementation is an example of handling this transposition
+ * and flushing the data to the display in the expected format.
+ *
+ * @param display LVGL display handle to use for rendering.
+ * @param area Area of the display being flushed.
+ * @param px_map Rendered image data for writing to the display area.
+ * @sa register_rendering_data for overriding this callback.
+ * @sa get_additional_draw_buffer
+ */
+static void lvgl_flush_cb(lv_display_t* display, const lv_area_t* area,
+                          uint8_t* px_map)
+{
+    esp_lcd_panel_handle_t panel_handle =
+        (esp_lcd_panel_handle_t)lv_display_get_user_data(display);
+
+    // Necessary because LVGL reserves 2x4 bytes in the buffer for a palette.
+    // Since we are monochrome, we don't need these additional bytes.
+    // For more information about the monochrome, please refer to:
+    // https://docs.lvgl.io/9.2/porting/display.html#monochrome-displays
+    // Skip the palette here.
+    px_map += LVGL_PALETTE_SIZE;
+
+    uint16_t hor_res = lv_display_get_physical_horizontal_resolution(display);
+    int32_t x1 = area->x1;
+    int32_t x2 = area->x2;
+    int32_t y1 = area->y1;
+    int32_t y2 = area->y2;
+
+
+    // As of 03/01/2025 master branch of LVGL contains this helper for the same.
+    // https://docs.lvgl.io/master/API/draw/sw/lv_draw_sw_utils.html
+    // lv_draw_sw_i1_convert_to_vtiled()
+    for (int32_t y = y1; y <= y2; y++)
+    {
+        for (int32_t x = x1; x <= x2; x++)
+        {
+            // Get the byte offset of the pixel coordinates using
+            // horizontal-mapping.
+            int h_offset = horizontal_byte_offset_long(x, y, hor_res);
+            // True if the pixel is lit, else false.
+            bool chroma_color = px_map[h_offset] & msb_mask(x);
+
+            // We need an additional buffer for transposing the pixel data to
+            // the vertical format required by the display driver.
+            uint8_t* buf = get_additional_draw_buffer();
+            // Move to the position in the auxillary buffer where the pixel is
+            // stored.
+            buf += vertical_byte_offset_long(x, y, hor_res);
+
+            // Write the single bit to the monochrome display mapped vertically.
+            // Take the Least Significant Bit mask of the Y coordinate to select
+            // the bit representing a pixel at position y in a vertically-mapped
+            // display.
+            if (chroma_color)
+            {
+                // Set the vertically-mapped pixel to on.
+                *buf &= ~lsb_mask(y);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Set the vertically-mapped pixel to off.
+                *buf |= lsb_mask(y);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    // Pass the draw buffer to the driver.
+    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_lcd_panel_draw_bitmap(
+        panel_handle, x1, y1, x2 + 1, y2 + 1, get_additional_draw_buffer()));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Callback invoked for every period of the timer.
+ *
+ * This callback _must_ call lv_tick_inc to inform LVGL how much time has
+ * elapsed since the last period of the timer.
+ *
+ * @param data User data passed to the callback.
+ * @sa register_lvgl_tick_timer for setting user data and the tick period of
+ *        the timer, or overriding this callback entirely.
+ */
+static void lvgl_increase_tick_cb(void*)
+{
+    // Tell LVGL how many milliseconds has elapsed
+    lv_tick_inc(LVGL_TICK_PERIOD_MS);
+}
+
+/**
+ * FreeRTOS task callback invoked for handling LVGL events or updating the UI.
+ *
+ * This function is intentionally an endless loop and should never return.
+ * LVGL initialization logic can optionally be added before entering the loop.
+ * Input logic can optionally be handled within the loop.
+ *
+ * This callback _must_ call lv_timer_handler to handle LVGL periodic timers.
+ *
+ * @param data User data passed to the callback.
+ * @sa register_lvgl_tick_timer for overriding this callback.
+ */
+[[noreturn]] static void lvgl_port_task(void*)
+{
+    // Optionally initialize some LVGL objects here before entering loop below.
+
+    ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Starting LVGL task");
+    for (uint32_t time_to_next_ms = 0; true; usleep(1000 * time_to_next_ms))
+    {
+        // Obtain LVGL API lock before calling any LVGL methods.
+        _lock_acquire(&lv_lock_);
+
+        // Optionally handle LVGL input or event logic here.
+
+        // Update LVGL periodic timers.
+        time_to_next_ms = lv_timer_handler();
+
+        _lock_release(&lv_lock_);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Registers LVGL ticker timer callback for rendering this display.
+ *
+ * An implementation of the interface can optionally override this method to
+ * provide custom LVGL callbacks and tick configurations.
+ */
+static void register_lvgl_tick_timer()
+{
+    ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Use esp_timer to increase LVGL tick");
+    const esp_timer_create_args_t esp_timer_args = {
+        .callback = &lvgl_increase_tick_cb,
+        // Data to pass to the lvgl_port_task callback.
+        .arg = NULL,
+        .name = "lvgl_tick",
+    };
+
+    /// Start periodic ESP timer handle.
+    ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Creating esp_timer with name: '%s'",
+             esp_timer_args.name);
+    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_timer_create(&esp_timer_args, &esp_timer_));
+    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(
+        esp_timer_start_periodic(esp_timer_, LVGL_TICK_PERIOD_MS * 1000));
+    ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Starting esp_timer with name: '%s'",
+             esp_timer_args.name);
+
+    // LVGL requires a FreeRTOS task for running it's event loop.
+    // The lvgl_port_task callback can update the UI or handle input logic.
+    // For this basic example we don't do either of these things.
+    ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Create LVGL FreeRTOS task");
+    // Optionally set user data to pass to LVGL's FreeRTOS task callback here.
+    void* user_data = NULL;
+    xTaskCreate(lvgl_port_task, "LVGL", LVGL_TASK_STACK_SIZE, user_data,
+                LVGL_TASK_PRIORITY, NULL);
+}
+
+static void register_rendering_data(lv_display_t* display_handle,
+                                    esp_lcd_panel_io_handle_t io_handle,
+                                    void* lv_buf, size_t lv_buf_size)
+{
+    // Create draw buffer.
+    ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Allocate separate LVGL draw buffers");
+    lv_buf =
+        heap_caps_calloc(1, lv_buf_size, MALLOC_CAP_INTERNAL | MALLOC_CAP_8BIT);
+    assert(lv_buf);
+
+    ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Set LVGL draw buffers");
+    // Color format must be set first, LVGL9 support new monochromatic format.
+    lv_display_set_color_format(display_handle, LV_COLOR_FORMAT_I1);
+    lv_display_set_buffers(display_handle, lv_buf, NULL, lv_buf_size,
+                           LV_DISPLAY_RENDER_MODE_FULL);
+    lv_display_set_rotation(display_handle, LV_DISPLAY_ROTATION_0);
+
+    ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Set LVGL callback for flushing to the display");
+    lv_display_set_flush_cb(display_handle, lvgl_flush_cb);
+
+    ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG,
+             "Register io panel callback for LVGL flush ready notification");
+    const esp_lcd_panel_io_callbacks_t cbs = {
+        .on_color_trans_done = lvgl_flush_ready_cb,
+    };
+    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_lcd_panel_io_register_event_callbacks(io_handle, &cbs,
+                                                              display_handle));
+}
+
+/// Callback used to fail, indicating the device is not fully initialized.
+static void* fail_vendor_config_cb()
+{
+    ESP_LOGE(LCD_TAG, "Callback is unset: IPanelDevice::vendor_config_cb");
+    assert(false);
+}
+
+
+/// Callback used to fail, indicating the device is not fully initialized.
+static void fail_init_panel_cb(esp_lcd_panel_dev_config_t*,
+                               esp_lcd_panel_io_handle_t,
+                               esp_lcd_panel_handle_t*)
+{
+    ESP_LOGE(LCD_TAG, "Callback is unset: IPanelDevice::init_panel_cb");
+    assert(false);
+}
+
+static struct IPanelDevice LCD_new_panel()
+{
+    return (struct IPanelDevice){
+        .width_ = LCD_H_RES,
+        .height_ = LCD_V_RES,
+        .rst_num_ = I2C_DEFAULT_PIN_RST,
+        .lv_buf_size_ = LCD_H_RES * LCD_V_RES / 8 + LVGL_PALETTE_SIZE,
+        .esp_io_config_ =
+            (esp_lcd_panel_io_i2c_config_t){
+                .dev_addr = I2C_HW_ADDR,
+                // User data to pass to the LVGL flush_ready callback.
+                // See IPanelDevice::lvgl_flush_ready_cb
+                .user_ctx = NULL,
+                .control_phase_bytes = 1,
+                .dc_bit_offset = 6,
+                .lcd_cmd_bits = LCD_CMD_BITS,
+                .lcd_param_bits = LCD_PARAM_BITS,
+                .scl_speed_hz = LCD_PIXEL_CLOCK_HZ,
+            },
+        .init_panel_cb = fail_init_panel_cb, // Must be assigned by caller
+        .register_lvgl_tick_timer_cb = register_lvgl_tick_timer,
+        .register_rendering_data_cb = register_rendering_data,
+        .vendor_config_cb = fail_vendor_config_cb, // Must be assigned by caller
+    };
+}
+
+#endif // PANEL_DEVICE_H

esp/cpp/components/lcd/include/pixel.h

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*#############################################################################
+## Author: Shaun Reed                                                        ##
+## Legal: All Content (c) 2025 Shaun Reed, all rights reserved               ##
+##                                                                           ##
+## Contact: shaunrd0@gmail.com  | URL: www.shaunreed.com                     ##
+##############################################################################
+*/
+
+/**
+ * Calculate byte offset for the pixel at [x,y] within a horizontally-mapped
+ * monochrome uint8 draw buffer, using the initialized horizontal resolution.
+ *
+ * We use `>> 3` because each pixel requires 1 bit, but each uint8 in the draw
+ * buffer can hold 8 bits. To find the uint8 value in our draw buffer that
+ * stores this pixel's value we must compensate for this when using pixel
+ * coordinates in byte math.
+ *
+ * Therefore, each uint8 in the draw buffer stores the state of 8 pixels.
+ * Below is an example of calculating for [x, y] pixel coordinates [20, 10].
+ * The example uses a horizontal resolution of 128.
+ *
+ * For the horizontal case, each row (y) of the image is represented by
+ * `hor_res >> 3` bytes (16). The byte-offset of the first pixel in the 10th
+ * row for example is `16 * 10` = 160.
+ *
+ * Since the pixels are stored horizontally we must calculate the 20th pixel
+ * column (x) as `160 + (20 >> 3)`, or `160 + (20 / 8)` to get a final offset
+ * of 162.
+ *
+ * @param x X pixel coordinate to find byte offset.
+ * @param y Y pixel coordinate to find byte offset.
+ * @param hor_res horizontal resolution of the display.
+ * @return byte offset for a single-byte monochrome pixel at [x,y].
+ */
+static ptrdiff_t horizontal_byte_offset_long(const int32_t x, const int32_t y,
+                                             const int32_t hor_res)
+{
+    // Convert pixel (bit) coordinates to byte coordinates in the draw buffer.
+    return (hor_res >> 3) * y + (x >> 3);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Calculate byte offset for the pixel at [x,y] within a vertically-mapped
+ * monochrome uint8 draw buffer, using the initialized horizontal resolution.
+ *
+ * We use `>> 3` because each pixel requires 1 bit, but each uint8 in the draw
+ * buffer can hold 8 bits. To find the uint8 value in our draw buffer that
+ * stores this pixel's value we must compensate for this when using pixel
+ * coordinates in byte math.
+ *
+ * Therefore, each uint8 in the draw buffer stores the state of 8 pixels.
+ * Below is an example of calculating for [x, y] pixel coordinates [20, 10].
+ * The example uses a horizontal resolution of 128.
+ *
+ * For the vertical case, each row (y) of the image is represented by
+ * `hor_res` bytes (128) - one for each column (x). Because the pixels are
+ * stored vertically, the byte-offset of the first pixel in the 10th row is
+ * `128 * (10 >> 3)` or * `128 * (10 / 8)` = 128.
+ *
+ * From this location we can simply calculate the 20th pixel column (x) as
+ * `128 + 20` to get a final offset of 148, because the pixels are stored in a
+ * columnar format.
+ *
+ * @param x X pixel coordinate to find byte offset.
+ * @param y Y pixel coordinate to find byte offset.
+ * @param hor_res horizontal resolution of the display.
+ * @return byte offset for a single-byte monochrome pixel at [x,y].
+ */
+static ptrdiff_t vertical_byte_offset_long(const int32_t x, const int32_t y,
+                                           const int32_t hor_res)
+{
+    // Convert pixel (bit) coordinates to byte coordinates in the draw buffer.
+    return hor_res * (y >> 3) + x;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Finds the Most Significant Bit location of bit `i` in a byte.
+ *
+ *          MSB           LSB
+ * bits      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
+ * data      8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
+ *          Left         Right
+ *
+ * @return bitmask for MSB location of `i`.
+ */
+static uint8_t msb_mask(const int32_t i) { return 1 << (7 - i % 8); }
+
+/**
+ * Finds the Least Significant Bit location of bit `i` in a byte.
+ *
+ *          LSB           MSB
+ * bits      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+ * data      1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
+ *          Left         Right
+ *
+ * @return bitmask for LSB location of `i`.
+ */
+static uint8_t lsb_mask(const int32_t i) { return 1 << (i % 8); }

esp/cpp/components/lcd/lcd.c

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/*#############################################################################
+## Author: Shaun Reed                                                        ##
+## Legal: All Content (c) 2025 Shaun Reed, all rights reserved               ##
+##                                                                           ##
+## Contact: shaunrd0@gmail.com  | URL: www.shaunreed.com                     ##
+##############################################################################
+*/
+
+#include "include/lcd.h"

esp/cpp/components/lcd/panel_device.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/*#############################################################################
+## Author: Shaun Reed                                                        ##
+## Legal: All Content (c) 2025 Shaun Reed, all rights reserved               ##
+##                                                                           ##
+## Contact: shaunrd0@gmail.com  | URL: www.shaunreed.com                     ##
+##############################################################################
+*/
+#include "include/panel_device.h"
+
+#include <esp_timer.h>
+#include <lcd.h>
+#include <sys/unistd.h>

esp/cpp/components/ssd1306/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+idf_component_register(
+    SRCS "ssd1306.c"
+    INCLUDE_DIRS "include"
+)

esp/cpp/components/ssd1306/idf_component.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+version: "0.0.1"
+description: ESP SSD1306 display helper component
+url: https://git.shaunreed.com/shaunrd0/klips/tree/master/esp/cpp/components/ssd1306
+dependencies:
+  idf: ">=5.3"
+  lvgl/lvgl: 9.2.0
+  espressif/esp_lcd_sh1107: ==1.0.0
+  lcd:
+    path: ../../components/lcd

esp/cpp/components/ssd1306/include/ssd1306.h

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*#############################################################################
+## Author: Shaun Reed                                                        ##
+## Legal: All Content (c) 2025 Shaun Reed, all rights reserved               ##
+##                                                                           ##
+## Contact: shaunrd0@gmail.com  | URL: www.shaunreed.com                     ##
+##############################################################################
+*/
+
+#ifndef SSD1306_H
+#define SSD1306_H
+
+#include "panel_device.h"
+
+#include <esp_lcd_panel_ssd1306.h>
+#include <lcd.h>
+
+// According to specific display hardware.
+// https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/winstar-display/WEA012864DWPP3N00003/20533255
+#define SCREEN_WIDTH 128 // OLED display width, in pixels.
+#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 64 // OLED display height, in pixels.
+
+// According to SSD1306 datasheet.
+// https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/datasheets/SSD1306.pdf
+#define I2C_HW_ADDR 0x3C
+#define LCD_PIXEL_CLOCK_HZ (400 * 1000)
+// Bit number used to represent command and parameter
+#define LCD_CMD_BITS 8
+#define LCD_PARAM_BITS 8
+
+/**
+ * Example of implementing the IPanelDevice interface for SSD1306 LCD device.
+ */
+struct SSD1306
+{
+    /// SSD1306 configuration structure.
+    esp_lcd_panel_ssd1306_config_t ssd1306_config_;
+};
+
+/// Initializes the ESP LCD panel handle for the SSD1306 device.
+static void SSD1306_init_panel_cb(esp_lcd_panel_dev_config_t* config,
+                                  esp_lcd_panel_io_handle_t io,
+                                  esp_lcd_panel_handle_t* panel)
+{
+    ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Initializing SSD1306 panel");
+    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_lcd_new_panel_ssd1306(io, config, panel));
+}
+
+static esp_lcd_panel_ssd1306_config_t SSD1306_config = {
+    .height = SCREEN_HEIGHT,
+};
+
+/**
+ * Provides the SSD1306 vendor configuration to IPanelDevice consumers.
+ *
+ * @return Address of the SSD1306 vendor configuration structure.
+ */
+static void* SSD1306_vendor_config_cb()
+{
+    ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Fetching global SSD1306 config");
+    return &SSD1306_config;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Construct a new SSD1306 device given a specific SSD1306 configuration.
+ *
+ * @param vendor_config SSD1306 vendor configuration.
+ * @param width Width of the device screen in pixels.
+ * @param height Height of the device screen in pixels.
+ */
+static struct IPanelDevice
+SSD1306_config_new(esp_lcd_panel_ssd1306_config_t vendor_config, int width,
+                   int height)
+{
+    // TODO: Make it not global; There could be multiple SSD1306 displays.
+    ESP_LOGI(LCD_TAG, "Setting global SSD1306 configuration");
+    SSD1306_config = vendor_config;
+    // Must initialize device with LCD_new_panel to use default LVGL callbacks.
+    struct IPanelDevice device = LCD_new_panel();
+    // TODO: Helper to set width and update lv_buf_size.
+    device.width_ = width, device.height_ = height;
+    device.lv_buf_size_ = width * height / 8 + LVGL_PALETTE_SIZE;
+    device.init_panel_cb = SSD1306_init_panel_cb;
+    device.vendor_config_cb = SSD1306_vendor_config_cb;
+    return device;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Construct a new SSD1306 device.
+ */
+static struct IPanelDevice SSD1306_new()
+{
+    return SSD1306_config_new(
+        (esp_lcd_panel_ssd1306_config_t){.height = SCREEN_HEIGHT}, SCREEN_WIDTH,
+        SCREEN_HEIGHT);
+}
+
+#endif // SSD1306_H

esp/cpp/components/ssd1306/ssd1306.c

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/*#############################################################################
+## Author: Shaun Reed                                                        ##
+## Legal: All Content (c) 2025 Shaun Reed, all rights reserved               ##
+##                                                                           ##
+## Contact: shaunrd0@gmail.com  | URL: www.shaunreed.com                     ##
+##############################################################################
+*/
+
+#include "ssd1306.h"

esp/rust/01_esp-idf-std/README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# esp-idf-std
+# 01_esp-idf-std
 
-This is an example of using ESP-IDF with std enabled in Rust
+This is an example of using ESP-IDF with std enabled in Rust using templates provided by https://github.com/esp-rs/esp-idf-template
 When flashed to a device, the application just adjusts the intensity of the on-board LED for visual verification that flashing works correctly.
 
 Steps used to generate this project

esp/rust/01_esp-idf-std/src/main.rs

@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
 
     println!("Starting duty-cycle loop");
     let max_duty = channel.get_max_duty();
-    // Cycle the channel duty every 2s to visually show that things are working when flashed.
+    // Cycle the channel duty every 500ms to visually show that things are working when flashed.
     for numerator in [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5].iter().cycle() {
         println!("Duty {numerator}/5");
         channel.set_duty(max_duty * numerator / 5)?;
-        FreeRtos::delay_ms(2000);
+        FreeRtos::delay_ms(500);
     }
 
     // We want this to run forever, so don't let the application terminate.

esp/rust/02_esp-gen-no-std/.cargo/config.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+[target.xtensa-esp32-none-elf]
+runner = "espflash flash --monitor --chip esp32"
+
+[env]
+
+[build]
+rustflags = [
+  "-C", "link-arg=-nostartfiles",
+]
+
+target = "xtensa-esp32-none-elf"
+
+[unstable]
+build-std = ["core"]

esp/rust/02_esp-gen-no-std/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# will have compiled files and executables
+debug/
+target/
+.vscode/
+.zed/
+.helix/
+
+# These are backup files generated by rustfmt
+**/*.rs.bk
+
+# MSVC Windows builds of rustc generate these, which store debugging information
+*.pdb
+
+# RustRover
+#  JetBrains specific template is maintained in a separate JetBrains.gitignore that can
+#  be found at https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/main/Global/JetBrains.gitignore
+#  and can be added to the global gitignore or merged into this file.  For a more nuclear
+#  option (not recommended) you can uncomment the following to ignore the entire idea folder.
+#.idea/

esp/rust/02_esp-gen-no-std/Cargo.lock

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esp/rust/02_esp-gen-no-std/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+[package]
+edition      = "2021"
+name         = "esp-gen-test"
+rust-version = "1.86"
+version      = "0.1.0"
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "esp-gen-test"
+path = "./src/bin/main.rs"
+
+[dependencies]
+esp-bootloader-esp-idf = { version = "0.2.0", features = ["esp32"] }
+esp-hal                = { version = "=1.0.0-rc.0", features = ["esp32"] }
+
+critical-section = "1.2.0"
+
+
+[profile.dev]
+# Rust debug is too slow.
+# For debug builds always builds with some optimization
+opt-level = "s"
+
+[profile.release]
+codegen-units    = 1     # LLVM can perform better optimizations using a single thread
+debug            = 2
+debug-assertions = false
+incremental      = false
+lto              = 'fat'
+opt-level        = 's'
+overflow-checks  = false

esp/rust/02_esp-gen-no-std/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# 02_esp-gen-no-std
+
+This is an example of using ESP-IDF using no std.
+When flashed to a device, the application just adjusts the intensity of the on-board LED for visual verification that flashing works correctly.
+
+Steps used to generate this project
+
+```bash
+cargo install esp-generate
+esp-generate --chip esp32 esp-gen-no-std
+```
+
+You will also need to install [probe-rs](https://probe.rs/docs/getting-started/installation/)
+
+```bash
+curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -LsSf https://github.com/probe-rs/probe-rs/releases/latest/download/probe-rs-tools-installer.sh | sh
+```
+
+Steps to build and flash this project
+
+```bash
+# Install espflash if you don't have it already
+cargo install espflash
+
+# Export esp-idf build environment
+. ~/export-esp.sh
+
+# Build and flash to the device
+cargo build
+cargo run
+```
+
+If you encounter this error during the build, you need to export the esp-idf build environment with `. ~/export-esp.sh`
+
+```bash
+error: linker `xtensa-esp32-elf-gcc` not found
+  |
+  = note: No such file or directory (os error 2)
+
+error: could not compile `03_esp-gen-no-std` (bin "esp-gen-test") due to 1 previous error
+```
+
+For more detailed information on setting up a development environment, see [the esp/rust README](/esp/rust/README.md)

esp/rust/02_esp-gen-no-std/build.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+fn main() {
+    linker_be_nice();
+    // make sure linkall.x is the last linker script (otherwise might cause problems with flip-link)
+    println!("cargo:rustc-link-arg=-Tlinkall.x");
+}
+
+fn linker_be_nice() {
+    let args: Vec<String> = std::env::args().collect();
+    if args.len() > 1 {
+        let kind = &args[1];
+        let what = &args[2];
+
+        match kind.as_str() {
+            "undefined-symbol" => match what.as_str() {
+                "_defmt_timestamp" => {
+                    eprintln!();
+                    eprintln!("💡 `defmt` not found - make sure `defmt.x` is added as a linker script and you have included `use defmt_rtt as _;`");
+                    eprintln!();
+                }
+                "_stack_start" => {
+                    eprintln!();
+                    eprintln!("💡 Is the linker script `linkall.x` missing?");
+                    eprintln!();
+                }
+                "esp_wifi_preempt_enable"
+                | "esp_wifi_preempt_yield_task"
+                | "esp_wifi_preempt_task_create" => {
+                    eprintln!();
+                    eprintln!("💡 `esp-wifi` has no scheduler enabled. Make sure you have the `builtin-scheduler` feature enabled, or that you provide an external scheduler.");
+                    eprintln!();
+                }
+                "embedded_test_linker_file_not_added_to_rustflags" => {
+                    eprintln!();
+                    eprintln!("💡 `embedded-test` not found - make sure `embedded-test.x` is added as a linker script for tests");
+                    eprintln!();
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            },
+            // we don't have anything helpful for "missing-lib" yet
+            _ => {
+                std::process::exit(1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        std::process::exit(0);
+    }
+
+    println!(
+        "cargo:rustc-link-arg=-Wl,--error-handling-script={}",
+        std::env::current_exe().unwrap().display()
+    );
+}

esp/rust/02_esp-gen-no-std/rust-toolchain.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[toolchain]
+channel = "esp"

esp/rust/02_esp-gen-no-std/src/bin/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#![no_std]
+#![no_main]
+#![deny(
+    clippy::mem_forget,
+    reason = "mem::forget is generally not safe to do with esp_hal types, especially those \
+    holding buffers for the duration of a data transfer."
+)]
+
+use esp_hal::{
+    clock::CpuClock,
+    gpio::{Level, Output, OutputConfig},
+    main,
+    time::{Duration, Instant}
+};
+
+#[panic_handler]
+fn panic(_: &core::panic::PanicInfo) -> ! {
+    loop {}
+}
+
+// This creates a default app-descriptor required by the esp-idf bootloader.
+// For more information see: <https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/stable/esp32/api-reference/system/app_image_format.html#application-description>
+esp_bootloader_esp_idf::esp_app_desc!();
+
+#[main]
+fn main() -> ! {
+    // generator version: 0.5.0
+    let config = esp_hal::Config::default().with_cpu_clock(CpuClock::max());
+    let peripherals = esp_hal::init(config);
+
+    let mut led = Output::new(peripherals.GPIO2, Level::High, OutputConfig::default());
+    loop {
+        led.toggle();
+        let delay_start = Instant::now();
+        while delay_start.elapsed() < Duration::from_millis(500) {}
+    }
+
+    // for inspiration have a look at the examples at https://github.com/esp-rs/esp-hal/tree/esp-hal-v1.0.0-rc.0/examples/src/bin
+}

esp/rust/02_esp-gen-no-std/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#![no_std]

esp/rust/03_no-std-lcd/.cargo/config.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[build]
+target = "xtensa-esp32-espidf"
+
+[target.xtensa-esp32-espidf]
+linker = "ldproxy"
+runner = "espflash flash --monitor"
+rustflags = [ "--cfg",  "espidf_time64"]
+
+[unstable]
+build-std = ["std", "panic_abort"]
+
+[env]
+MCU="esp32"
+# Note: this variable is not used by the pio builder (`cargo build --features pio`)
+ESP_IDF_VERSION = "v5.2.3"
+

esp/rust/03_no-std-lcd/.github/workflows/rust_ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+name: Continuous Integration
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+    paths-ignore:
+      - "**/README.md"
+  pull_request:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+env:
+  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
+  GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+jobs:
+  rust-checks:
+    name: Rust Checks
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        action:
+          - command: build
+            args: --release
+          - command: fmt
+            args: --all -- --check --color always
+          - command: clippy
+            args: --all-targets --all-features --workspace -- -D warnings
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Setup Rust
+        uses: esp-rs/xtensa-toolchain@v1.6
+        with:
+          default: true
+          buildtargets: esp32
+          ldproxy: true
+      - name: Enable caching
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+      - name: Run command
+        run: cargo ${{ matrix.action.command }} ${{ matrix.action.args }}

esp/rust/03_no-std-lcd/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+/.vscode
+/.embuild
+/target
+/Cargo.lock

esp/rust/03_no-std-lcd/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+[package]
+name = "esp-idf-no-std"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["Shaun Reed <shaunrd0@gmail.com>"]
+edition = "2021"
+resolver = "2"
+rust-version = "1.77"
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "esp-idf-no-std"
+harness = false # do not use the built in cargo test harness -> resolve rust-analyzer errors
+
+[profile.release]
+opt-level = "s"
+
+[profile.dev]
+debug = true    # Symbols are nice and they don't increase the size on Flash
+opt-level = "z"
+
+[features]
+default = []
+
+experimental = ["esp-idf-svc/experimental"]
+
+[dependencies]
+log = "0.4"
+esp-idf-svc = "0.51"
+esp-idf-hal = "0.45.2"
+anyhow = "1.0.98"
+
+# --- Optional Embassy Integration ---
+# esp-idf-svc = { version = "0.51", features = ["critical-section", "embassy-time-driver", "embassy-sync"] }
+
+# If you enable embassy-time-driver, you MUST also add one of:
+
+# a) Standalone Embassy libs ( embassy-time, embassy-sync etc) with a foreign async runtime:
+# embassy-time = { version = "0.4.0", features = ["generic-queue-8"] } # NOTE: any generic-queue variant will work
+
+# b) With embassy-executor:
+# embassy-executor = { version = "0.7", features = ["executor-thread", "arch-std"] }
+
+# NOTE: if you use embassy-time with embassy-executor you don't need the generic-queue-8 feature
+
+# --- Temporary workaround for embassy-executor < 0.8 ---
+# esp-idf-svc = { version = "0.51", features = ["embassy-time-driver", "embassy-sync"] }
+# critical-section = { version = "1.1", features = ["std"], default-features = false }
+
+[build-dependencies]
+embuild = "0.33"

esp/rust/03_no-std-lcd/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# 03_no-std-lcd
+
+This is an example of using ESP-IDF using no std.
+When flashed to a device, the application draws a message to the LCD screen.
+
+Steps used to generate this project
+
+```bash
+cargo install esp-generate
+esp-generate --chip esp32 esp-gen-no-std
+```
+
+You will also need to install [probe-rs](https://probe.rs/docs/getting-started/installation/)
+
+```bash
+curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -LsSf https://github.com/probe-rs/probe-rs/releases/latest/download/probe-rs-tools-installer.sh | sh
+```
+
+Steps to build and flash this project
+
+```bash
+# Install espflash if you don't have it already
+cargo install espflash
+
+# Export esp-idf build environment
+. ~/export-esp.sh
+
+# Build and flash to the device
+cargo build
+cargo run
+```
+
+For more detailed information on setting up a development environment, see [the esp/rust README](/esp/rust/README.md)

esp/rust/03_no-std-lcd/build.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+fn main() {
+    embuild::espidf::sysenv::output();
+}

esp/rust/03_no-std-lcd/rust-toolchain.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[toolchain]
+channel = "esp"

esp/rust/03_no-std-lcd/sdkconfig.defaults

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Rust often needs a bit of an extra main task stack size compared to C (the default is 3K)
+CONFIG_ESP_MAIN_TASK_STACK_SIZE=8000
+
+# Use this to set FreeRTOS kernel tick frequency to 1000 Hz (100 Hz by default).
+# This allows to use 1 ms granularity for thread sleeps (10 ms by default).
+#CONFIG_FREERTOS_HZ=1000
+
+# Workaround for https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues/7631
+#CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE=n
+#CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE_DEFAULT_FULL=n

esp/rust/03_no-std-lcd/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+use esp_idf_hal::delay::{FreeRtos, BLOCK};
+use esp_idf_hal::i2c::*;
+use esp_idf_hal::peripherals::Peripherals;
+use esp_idf_hal::prelude::*;
+
+const SSD1306_ADDRESS: u8 = 0x3c;
+
+fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+  esp_idf_hal::sys::link_patches();
+
+  let peripherals = Peripherals::take()?;
+  let i2c = peripherals.i2c0;
+  let sda = peripherals.pins.gpio21;
+  let scl = peripherals.pins.gpio22;
+
+  println!("Starting I2C SSD1306 test");
+
+  let config = I2cConfig::new().baudrate(100.kHz().into());
+  let mut i2c = I2cDriver::new(i2c, sda, scl, &config)?;
+
+  // initialze the display - don't worry about the meaning of these bytes - it's specific to SSD1306
+  i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &[0, 0xae], BLOCK)?;
+  i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &[0, 0xd4], BLOCK)?;
+  i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &[0, 0x80], BLOCK)?;
+  i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &[0, 0xa8], BLOCK)?;
+  i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &[0, 0x3f], BLOCK)?;
+  i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &[0, 0xd3], BLOCK)?;
+  i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &[0, 0x00], BLOCK)?;
+  i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &[0, 0x40], BLOCK)?;
+  i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &[0, 0x8d], BLOCK)?;
+  i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &[0, 0x14], BLOCK)?;
+  i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &[0, 0xa1], BLOCK)?;
+  i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &[0, 0xc8], BLOCK)?;
+  i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &[0, 0xda], BLOCK)?;
+  i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &[0, 0x12], BLOCK)?;
+  i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &[0, 0x81], BLOCK)?;
+  i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &[0, 0xcf], BLOCK)?;
+  i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &[0, 0xf1], BLOCK)?;
+  i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &[0, 0xdb], BLOCK)?;
+  i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &[0, 0x40], BLOCK)?;
+  i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &[0, 0xa4], BLOCK)?;
+  i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &[0, 0xa6], BLOCK)?;
+  i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &[0, 0xaf], BLOCK)?;
+  i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &[0, 0x20, 0x00], BLOCK)?;
+
+  // fill the display
+  for _ in 0..64 {
+    let data: [u8; 17] = [
+      0x40, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+      0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+    ];
+    i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &data, BLOCK)?;
+  }
+
+  loop {
+    // we are sleeping here to make sure the watchdog isn't triggered
+    FreeRtos::delay_ms(500);
+    i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &[0, 0xa6], BLOCK)?;
+    FreeRtos::delay_ms(500);
+    i2c.write(SSD1306_ADDRESS, &[0, 0xa7], BLOCK)?;
+  }
+}

esp/rust/README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 ```bash
 shaunrd0/klips/esp/rust
-├── 01_es-idf-std   # Template project for using ESP-IDF with std enabled.
+├── 01_esp-idf-std     # Template project for using ESP-IDF with std enabled.
+├── 02_esp-gen-no-std  # Template ESP32 project using no std.
+├── 03_no-std-lcd      # Drawing to LCD using ESP32 no std.
 └── README.md
 ```